Cold Forming is the common term for taking coils of steel wire or cylindrical steel rods and pressing them into a shape with mechanical force (de-forming the material). The manufacturing of cold-formed steel products occurs at room temperature using mechanical pressure known as cold heading and thread rolling.

Q195 steel is a type of carbon structural steel, named after its yield strength of 195MPa (thickness ≤ 16mm). The corresponding international grades include ASTM Gr. B from the United States and JIS SS330 from Japan, while the Chinese national standard is GB/T 700 Q195. The carbon content in the chemical composition is ≤ 0.12%, the manganese content is 0.25-0.50%, and the silicon content is ≤ 0.30%. Boiling steel, semi killed steel, or killed steel deoxidation processes are used. The tensile strength is 315-430MPa, the elongation is not less than 32%, and it has excellent plasticity, toughness, and welding performance.

Q215 is a carbon structural steel that complies with the Chinese national standard GB/T 700-2006. In its name, "Q" represents yield strength, and "215" represents a minimum yield strength of 215 MPa, which decreases in a gradient with increasing steel thickness. The chemical composition is mainly low-carbon (carbon content ≤ 0.15%), with sulfur and phosphorus content controlled according to grades A and B. It has good plasticity, toughness, and welding performance, and is usually used directly in hot rolling or normalizing state

Q345 is a low-alloy steel, formerly known as 16Mn. The "Q" in the name represents the yield strength, and "345" indicates that the lower limit of the yield strength at room temperature is 345MPa. Its implementation standard is GB/T 1591-2008, widely used in bridges, buildings, vehicles, ships, pressure vessels, and low-temperature environmental engineering. The conventional usage state is hot rolling or normalizing.

JIS G3101 SS400 steel is one of the most commonly used hot rolled general structural steel. JIS G3101 SS400 steel is usually supplied as SS400 steel plates, sheets, flats, bars, sections, etc.. No matter what form it is, JIS G3101 SS400 chemical composition will not change.

A36 is a low-carbon steel containing manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon and copper. A36 has good weldability and high yield strength. A36 carbon steel bar is commonly used as a variety of structural steel parts.

A572 steel bars have good strength, ductility and workability, making them ideal for structural applications. These characteristics make the A572 relatively simple to shape into different structures, while maintaining the ability to withstand large stresses and loads.

A105 is an ASTM specification for steel forgings, primarily for carbon steel forged pipe components. The type of carbon steel wrought alloy involved is a low carbon, manganese and silicon steel similar to the AISI 1330, but with a lower manganese content.

Q195 carbon steel coil is a low-carbon structural steel with a yield strength of 195 MPa. The main component of this steel is carbon, but it also contains small amounts of other elements, such as silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and so on. Due to the low carbon content (usually no more than 0.25%), Q195 carbon steel rolls have low hardness and strength, but relatively good toughness and ductility. This makes it easy to process and make into various shapes, so it has a wide range of applications in industry and construction.